Showing posts with label video. Show all posts
Showing posts with label video. Show all posts
Monday, January 30, 2012
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
Of the Wand & the Moon - The Lone Descent
My new obsession. I know i'm a little late in the game for getting into Of the Wand & the Moon, but whatever. Maybe it was worth it because i got to hear this album with fresh, virgin ears. It kind of reminds me of if Death in June and Damien Jurado collaborated. A true golden achievement.
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Black Mass Rising
BLACK MASS RISING movie (Official Trailer). Not totally sure what it is, but the soundtrack features a bunch of sweet bands.
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
The Meissner Effect
The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state. The German physicists Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discovered the phenomenon in 1933 by measuring the magnetic field distribution outside superconducting tin and lead samples.[1] The samples, in the presence of an applied magnetic field, were cooled below what is called their superconducting transition temperature. Below the transition temperature the samples canceled nearly all magnetic fields inside. They detected this effect only indirectly; because the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor, when the interior field decreased the exterior field increased. The experiment demonstrated for the first time that superconductors were more than just perfect conductors and provided a uniquely defining property of the superconducting state.
Explanation
In a weak applied field, a superconductor "expels" nearly all magnetic flux. It does this by setting up electric currents near its surface. The magnetic field of these surface currents cancels the applied magnetic field within the bulk of the superconductor. As the field expulsion, or cancellation, does not change with time, the currents producing this effect (called persistent currents) do not decay with time. Therefore the conductivity can be thought of as infinite: a superconductor.
Near the surface, within a distance called the London penetration depth, the magnetic field is not completely canceled. Each superconducting material has its own characteristic penetration depth.
Any perfect conductor will prevent any change to magnetic flux passing through its surface due to ordinary electromagnetic induction at zero resistance. The Meissner effect is distinct from this: when an ordinary conductor is cooled so that it makes the transition to a superconducting state in the presence of a constant applied magnetic field, the magnetic flux is expelled during the transition. This effect cannot be explained by infinite conductivity alone. Its explanation is more complex and was first given in the London equations by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London.
Superconductors in the Meissner state exhibit perfect diamagnetism, or superdiamagnetism, meaning that the total magnetic field is very close to zero deep inside them (many penetration depths from the surface). This means that their magnetic susceptibility, χv = −1. Diamagnetics are defined by the generation of a spontaneous magnetization of a material which directly opposes the direction of an applied field. However, the fundamental origins of diamagnetism in superconductors and normal materials are very different. In normal materials diamagnetism arises as a direct result of the orbital spin of electrons about the nuclei of an atom induced electromagnetically by the application of an applied field. In superconductors the illusion of perfect diamagnetism arises from persistent screening currents which flow to oppose the applied field (the meissner effect); not solely the orbital spin.
Very recently, it has been shown theoretically that the Meissner effect may exhibit paramagnetism in some layered superconductors but so far this paramagnetic intrinsic Meissner effect has not been experimentally observed. Mario Rabinowitz and his colleagues showed that a virtual violation of the Meissner effect is possible.
The discovery of the Meissner effect led to the phenomenological theory of superconductivity by Fritz and Heinz London in 1935. This theory explained resistanceless transport and the Meissner effect, and allowed the first theoretical predictions for superconductivity to be made. However, this theory only explained experimental observations—it did not allow the microscopic origins of the superconducting properties to be identified. Nevertheless, it became a requirement on all microscopic theories to be able to reproduce this effect. This was done successfully by the BCS theory in 1957. However, both phenomenological Londons’ theory and microscopic BCS one describe the Meissner effect in its steady state only and cannot explain the transient stage when the supercurrent grows from zero to its steady value. Indeed, under initial conditions of the Meissner effect, Lorentz force equals to zero, and there are no other electromotive forces in superconductor to accelerate the electrons. This fundamental problem of the conventional theory of the Meissner effect has been pointed out by J. E. Hirsch in The Lorentz force and superconductivity [2] . He has also proposed the dynamical explanation of the Meissner effect in Spin Meissner effect in superconductors and the origin of the Meissner effect [3].
Paradigm for the Higgs mechanism
The Meissner effect of superconductivity serves as an important paradigm for the generation mechanism of a mass M (i.e. a reciprocal range, λM: = h / (Mc) where h is Planck constant and c is speed of light) for a gauge field. In fact, this analogy is an abelian example for the Higgs mechanism, through which in high-energy physics the masses of the electroweak gauge particles, W± and Z are generated. The length λM is identical with "London's penetration depth" in the theory of superconductivity.
Before the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, observation of the Meissner effect was difficult, because the applied fields had to be relatively small (the measurements need to be made far from the phase boundary). But with yttrium barium copper oxide, the effect can be demonstrated using liquid nitrogen. Permanent magnets can be made to levitate.
In a weak applied field, a superconductor "expels" nearly all magnetic flux. It does this by setting up electric currents near its surface. The magnetic field of these surface currents cancels the applied magnetic field within the bulk of the superconductor. As the field expulsion, or cancellation, does not change with time, the currents producing this effect (called persistent currents) do not decay with time. Therefore the conductivity can be thought of as infinite: a superconductor.
Near the surface, within a distance called the London penetration depth, the magnetic field is not completely canceled. Each superconducting material has its own characteristic penetration depth.
Any perfect conductor will prevent any change to magnetic flux passing through its surface due to ordinary electromagnetic induction at zero resistance. The Meissner effect is distinct from this: when an ordinary conductor is cooled so that it makes the transition to a superconducting state in the presence of a constant applied magnetic field, the magnetic flux is expelled during the transition. This effect cannot be explained by infinite conductivity alone. Its explanation is more complex and was first given in the London equations by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London.
Perfect Diamagnetism
Superconductors in the Meissner state exhibit perfect diamagnetism, or superdiamagnetism, meaning that the total magnetic field is very close to zero deep inside them (many penetration depths from the surface). This means that their magnetic susceptibility, χv = −1. Diamagnetics are defined by the generation of a spontaneous magnetization of a material which directly opposes the direction of an applied field. However, the fundamental origins of diamagnetism in superconductors and normal materials are very different. In normal materials diamagnetism arises as a direct result of the orbital spin of electrons about the nuclei of an atom induced electromagnetically by the application of an applied field. In superconductors the illusion of perfect diamagnetism arises from persistent screening currents which flow to oppose the applied field (the meissner effect); not solely the orbital spin.
Very recently, it has been shown theoretically that the Meissner effect may exhibit paramagnetism in some layered superconductors but so far this paramagnetic intrinsic Meissner effect has not been experimentally observed. Mario Rabinowitz and his colleagues showed that a virtual violation of the Meissner effect is possible.
Consequences
The discovery of the Meissner effect led to the phenomenological theory of superconductivity by Fritz and Heinz London in 1935. This theory explained resistanceless transport and the Meissner effect, and allowed the first theoretical predictions for superconductivity to be made. However, this theory only explained experimental observations—it did not allow the microscopic origins of the superconducting properties to be identified. Nevertheless, it became a requirement on all microscopic theories to be able to reproduce this effect. This was done successfully by the BCS theory in 1957. However, both phenomenological Londons’ theory and microscopic BCS one describe the Meissner effect in its steady state only and cannot explain the transient stage when the supercurrent grows from zero to its steady value. Indeed, under initial conditions of the Meissner effect, Lorentz force equals to zero, and there are no other electromotive forces in superconductor to accelerate the electrons. This fundamental problem of the conventional theory of the Meissner effect has been pointed out by J. E. Hirsch in The Lorentz force and superconductivity [2] . He has also proposed the dynamical explanation of the Meissner effect in Spin Meissner effect in superconductors and the origin of the Meissner effect [3].
Paradigm for the Higgs mechanism
The Meissner effect of superconductivity serves as an important paradigm for the generation mechanism of a mass M (i.e. a reciprocal range, λM: = h / (Mc) where h is Planck constant and c is speed of light) for a gauge field. In fact, this analogy is an abelian example for the Higgs mechanism, through which in high-energy physics the masses of the electroweak gauge particles, W± and Z are generated. The length λM is identical with "London's penetration depth" in the theory of superconductivity.
Observation
Before the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, observation of the Meissner effect was difficult, because the applied fields had to be relatively small (the measurements need to be made far from the phase boundary). But with yttrium barium copper oxide, the effect can be demonstrated using liquid nitrogen. Permanent magnets can be made to levitate.
Tuesday, September 6, 2011
Sunday, May 22, 2011
Tuesday, January 4, 2011
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Byla - Closer to the Center
Byla is Kevin Hufnagel (Dysrhythmia, Gorguts) and Colin Marston (Dysrhythmia, Gorguts, Krallice, etc.) making pretty music. Weird...
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
Saturday, November 27, 2010
Tuesday, November 9, 2010
Sunday, October 10, 2010
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Implodes
Implodes is one of my favorite chicago bands. Not really metal, but still pretty heavy and hazy. Stone-gazer? Shoe-stoner? Whatever. They rule.
007 Implodes from Kyle Obriot on Vimeo.
Thursday, April 22, 2010
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Monday, March 15, 2010
Monday, February 15, 2010
When the Weeping Dawn Beheld Its Mortal Thirst
When the Weeping Dawn Beheld It's Mortal Thirst
(By Mournful Congregation)
When the waters cover the earth once more
And the great sea weeps again
Darkness shall choke the dying light
And the almighty king sun bleed
Only then shall we come to know
That which is our mortal thirst
For heavenly realms is our soul athirst
This pain is felt by man alone
I remember when the transcendent moon
Brought the lunar waves ever higher
Creation, from the vivid lucidity, an emanation
Who am I? That created creation......
Glorification be to your name and ways
Thou art the bringer of greatness
In your name we art lost
We art but microcosmic dust
We art but your extension
Your limbs art our souls
Your dark is our light
Yet let not our ignorant praise
Be upheard by your manifold omnipresence
For thou art wisdom personified
Thou art the Transcendental
(By Mournful Congregation)
When the waters cover the earth once more
And the great sea weeps again
Darkness shall choke the dying light
And the almighty king sun bleed
Only then shall we come to know
That which is our mortal thirst
For heavenly realms is our soul athirst
This pain is felt by man alone
I remember when the transcendent moon
Brought the lunar waves ever higher
Creation, from the vivid lucidity, an emanation
Who am I? That created creation......
Glorification be to your name and ways
Thou art the bringer of greatness
In your name we art lost
We art but microcosmic dust
We art but your extension
Your limbs art our souls
Your dark is our light
Yet let not our ignorant praise
Be upheard by your manifold omnipresence
For thou art wisdom personified
Thou art the Transcendental
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